Neuroscience Course 2: Perception and Vision (~12h)

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Review of the Nervous System 6 Topics

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Observations of single cell organisms: How might a nervous system help them to achieve their goals?

Nervous Tissue in Various Organisms

The Human Nervous System

Structure of a Neuron

How do neurons transmit signals?

Brain as the Foundation of the Mind

The Scientific Method 5 Topics | 1 Quiz

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The Scientific Method as a Model of Inquiry

Steps of the Scientific Method

What kinds of questions can we investigate with science?

Hypothesis versus Prediction

What are graphs?

Scientific Method Quiz

Methods and Applications of Neuroscience 5 Topics

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Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

Experiments of Nature

Manipulating Neuronal Activity

Comparative Approaches

Applications of Neuroscience

Introduction to Sensory Systems and Perception 7 Topics

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What is a sense?

How do the senses work?

Introduction to Sensory Receptors

Topographic Maps in the Brain

Relationship between External Physical Properties and Our Sensory Experiences

Perception as a Constructive Process

Variation in Sensory Systems

Evolution of Sensory Systems 6 Topics

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Evolutionary Development of the Human Nervous System

Peripheral Nerves and the Senses

The Five Major Features of the Human CNS

Evolution of the Eye

Improving Visual Acuity

Functional Neuroanatomy: Fish Example

The Five Senses in Humans 5 Topics

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Vision and the Eye

Somatosensation and the Skin

Hearing and the Ear

Taste and the Tongue

Smell and the Nose

Vision I: Detecting Visual Information 11 Topics | 1 Quiz

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How do we see?

Light, Sight, and Color

Parts of the Eye

How is visual information captured?

Introduction to Rods and Cones

Structure of Rods and Cones

Distribution of Rods and Cones

Properties of the Fovea

Perceiving Colors

Receptive Fields in the Retina

Blind Spot Activity (Optional)

Vision I Quiz

Vision II: Interpreting Visual Information 10 Topics | 1 Quiz

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The Visual Pathway

Selective Processing in the Visual Pathway

Introduction to the Visual Cortex

Layers of the LGN

Organization of the Primary Visual Cortex

How do different kinds of visual information come together?

Summary of Visual Processing So Far (Optional)

The “Where” Pathway and the “What” Pathway

Damage to the “Where” or “What” Pathway: Agnosia (Optional)

Review of Image Detection

Vision II Quiz

Somatosensation 14 Topics | 1 Quiz

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Introduction to the Somatosensory System

Receptors for Touch, Temperature, and Pain

Receptive Fields for Skin Sensors

How Receptors Convert Stimuli into Electrical Signals

Types of Touch Receptors

How do we detect pain?

How do we detect temperature?

The Somatosensory Pathways

The Somatosensory Cortex

Somatotopic and Motor Maps

Cortical Mapping in the Mouse Brain

Pain in the Cortex

Empathetic Pain in the Brain (Optional)

Proprioception

Somatosensation Quiz

Hearing 9 Topics | 1 Quiz

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Review of the Physics of Sound

Anatomy of the Ear

Cochlea and Hair Cells

The Auditory Pathway

The Auditory Cortex Tonotopic Map

How do we localize sounds in space?

Understanding Speech

Types of Hearing Loss (Optional)

Human Hearing versus Other Animals (Optional)

Hearing Quiz

Taste 6 Topics | 1 Quiz

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Anatomy of the Tongue

Generating Electrochemical Signals

The Gustatory Pathway

Organization of the Gustatory Cortex

The Purpose of Taste

Chocolate Experiment (Optional)

Taste Quiz

Smell 8 Topics | 1 Quiz

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Introduction to the Olfactory System

Anatomy of the Nose and Nasal Cavity

Types of Odorant Receptors

Odor versus Odorant

The Olfactory Bulb

Projections to Various Brain Regions

Flavor as the Combination of Taste and Smell

Other Influences on Flavor

Smell Quiz

Integration and Perception 9 Topics | 1 Quiz

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Sensation versus Perception

Experience as Multi-Sensory Integration

How Context Influences Perception

Integration in the Visual System

Where in the brain does integration occur?

The Binding Problem

Feature Integration Theory

Binocular Vision and Visual Binding

Abnormal Binding: Synesthesia

Integration and Perception Quiz

Illusions 5 Topics

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Why do we study illusions?

Color Constancy and Checkerboard Illusion

Rotating Mask Illusion

Muller-Lyer and Other Perspective Illusions

Auditory Illusion

Student Q&A (Optional) 16 Topics

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Vision: Why can we not see when we look at the sun?

Vision: How do we perceive different colors?

Vision: How is visual information transmitted?

Vision: How do we perceive visual memories?

Vision: Do our pupils dilate when we’re dreaming? When we sleep with our eyes open?

Somatosensation: Why is somatosensory information not sent directly to the cerebral cortex?

Somatosensation: How do reflexes work?

Somatosensation: How are somatosensory signals organized as they are sent to the brain?

Hearing: How is sound information transmitted in the ear?

Hearing: Why can animals hear different sounds?

Hearing: Where are the visual and auditory cortices located?

Hearing: Why can we not hear while we are deeply asleep?

Taste: How can we perceive hundreds of different tastes?

Smell: Why do we perceive smells as good or bad?

Other: How can we have experience without a physical stimulus?

Other: How can a chicken survive without a brain?